Art Of Portraiture

Art Of Portraiture Essay The three works that I chose that are art of portraiture are Head of a King, Mask of an Lyoba, and Mother Goddess. The first two portraits are West African Art from two different tribes, Ife, who created the Head of a King and Benin, whom created the Mask of an Lyoba. The Mother Goddess is an Aztec piece. These groups of people are from different cultures, time periods, and share different religious beliefs. The similarity of the groups is the symbolic meaning the portraitures brought to its people. The first work is the Head of a King. This Ife creation altered the perception that scholars had of the tribe. It was known that the Ife tribes did not do portraits because of the spirits that could harm the subjects. The sculptures that were discovered all seemed to resemble rulers, so the conclusion was that the institution of kingship and the need to revere royal ancestors were strong enough to overcome concerns. Also the figures were naturalistic. The proportions of the few knownful figures are characteristically African.. The heads may have been taken from life models, but seem more like idealized images. An example is of the proportions of the head of the sculpture. These proportions probably reflect a belief in the heads importance as the abode of the spirit, and the focus of the individual identity. Life is the sacred city of the Yoruba people, were naturalistic sculpture began. The Benin tribe arose after the Ife, and was greatly influenced by their art. Their portraits were also naturalistic, but as they grew more knowledgeable in art, they drew away from the naturalistic works of the Ife people into stylized works of their own. The Mask of an Lyoba is a beautiful ornamental mask of royalty. This works shows that the people no longer use the naturalistic approach, but a bold, more idealized, representation of its people. The art of Benin is a royal art, only the oba could commission the works. This work was commissioned in ivory, but most of the works were commissioned in brass. The Benin transition from naturalistic to stylize is better explained in the brass heads. It ranges from small, thinly cast, and naturalistic to large, thickly cast, and highly stylized. The conclusion of scholars is that in their Early Period, their heads were small and naturalistic from the Ife influence. Heads then grew increasingly stylized during the Middle Period. Then in the Late Period, the heads were very large and heavy, with angular stylized features and an elaborate beaded crown. In Mexico there was also portraitures. Specifically in the Aztec Empire were the Mother Goddess was created. This was a strong and powerful empire that was divided in classes. The religion was based on a complex pantheon that combined the Aztec deities with more ancient ones that had long been worshiped in Central Mexico. According to the Aztec belief, the gods created the current universe at the ancient city of Teothhuacan. Which is similar to the Ife belief that Gods came down and created the people. The culture and purpose of the people is then to worship and honor their gods forever. This was done by sacrifice and in their art. We are aware of the religion and the beliefs of the Aztec people because of their art. The gods were represented in statues and paintings that were narratives to teach their people and show respect to the gods. The Mother Goddess was a broad shouldered figure with clawed hands and feet has a skirt of twisted snakes. A pair of serpents, symbols of gushing blood, rise from her neck to form her head. Their eyes are her eyes; their fangs, her tusks. The writhing serpents of her skirt also form her body. Around her stump of a neck hangs a necklace of sacrificial offerings- hands, heart, and a dangling skull. READ: Art and humanities test 1 EssayDespite the surface intricacy, the sculptures simple, bold, and blocky forms create a single visual whole. This dramatic impact was also heightened by the color. This portraiture is very symbolic. Unlike the previous two works it is not of the rulers or the people at the time, it is of a god. But much like the first two works it is also idealized. This is what their mother god that guides them should look like. The Ife people created works that were spiritual and revealing their groups identity. The Benin people, once understanding art created stylized works that also expressed their identity, far more than anything naturalistic did. All three works represents the people and what is important to them. For the Aztec people it was their gods, and representing them in a dramatic and powerful way to teach their people. While the Ife people believed that the gods created them in likeness to themselves, so the portraits were also of their people in the ideal form that the gods wanted. The Benin culture were fascinated by art, and wanted to show respect to their rulers by their representation of them.

Important of academic skills for tourism students Essay

Important of academic skills for tourism students - Essay Example The main academic skills that help tourism students to get employed and advance in their careers faster include managerial, communication, language, customer service, business, and socialization (Page, & Connell, 2010). This paper will analyze the usefulness of these academic skills in shaping the future career of tourism students. Tourism students must have efficient communication skills for them to be employed in the sector. This is because communication is the main instrument that unites the supply and demand sides in the sector (Bobanovic, & Grzinic, 2011). This is because the supply and demand sides are made up of individuals who must interact successfully for them to achieve equilibrium. However, since the supply side is the one that provides services to the demand side, it means that suppliers in this industry need to be able to communicate with any individual who demands their services. The main factors involved in communication in the industry include language, correct pronunciation of words, and courtesy when speaking to the client (O’Shannessy, Minett, & Hyde, 2002). Since individuals may not be able to acquire these skills without training, it means they have to study them in school where there are tutors who teach them how to pronounce words correctly and be courteous. A major element that is involved in communication is language because it is the main uniting factor between suppliers and their clients. Tourism students need to study English language because it is the most common international language in the twenty first century (Bobanovic, & Grzinic, 2011). Numerous countries in the world have chosen to make English a national language because it helps them to interact with other English-speaking nations. Therefore, since tourism is the main way in which the countries interact, the service providers who are previously students should study the language while in school. This is because studying the

Workplace Discrimination Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Workplace Discrimination - Research Paper Example Humans have always developed ways of stereotyping their fellow human beings using age, race, gender, religion, or ethnicity as their basis. It is only in current days that individuals have taken the trouble to look at discrimination as a challenge instead of looking at it as a solution. For example, segregation on the basis of race was at one point taken to be part of the natural order. Moreover, the right to vote was withdrawn from people belonging to the members of the female population to protect the different communities, solely because females, by virtue of their appearance, were presumed not to posses the survival characteristics. In addition, there is no society which escaped the negative components presented by discrimination. Also, there is no society which can claim that it does not have elements of discrimination in its different structures today. Racial discrimination also has a long history, with a number of people seeing racial discrimination as a faultlessly natural fe ature of life. Nonetheless, in recent times, racial discrimination in the work place has become a more significant subject. Its increased presence may be the result of the opposition of different elements; the workforce that is still continuing to be racist, and a recession that places jobs at a premium and makes employers to be particularly choosy during employment (Feagin, 2006). This paper will look at racial discrimination in the modern workplace. The paper will accomplish this by analyzing a current case of workplace discrimination in drawing conclusions regarding the effects of discrimination on organizational productivity. In America, it is constitutionally unlawful to engage in any form of discrimination against employees based on any reason, but the cases and evidences of workplace discrimination seem to be increasing with every passing day. In today’s world of competition, it has become extremely important for organizations to stop workplace discrimination because i t is a factor that not only results in decreasing organizational productivity but also affects the quality of business processes. Although the government of the United States has implemented effective laws, such as, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act 1964 to stop workplace discrimination, there is still a lot more that needs to be done to keep this negative element out of the workplace. Nevertheless, the basic federal laws that deal with racial discrimination in the workplace can all be found in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act 1964. By and large, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act 1964 disallows employers from engaging in the following activities: refusing or failing to sign up an employee on the basis of their race; providing workers lesser benefits or paying a worker less because of the racial orientation; failing to give promotions, opportunities, or benefits to a worker because of their race; and segregating or not properly classifying applicants or workers by race (Memmi, 2000) . In addition, employment agencies are not allowed to reach decisions on work assignments on the basis of a person’s race. Also, labor representatives and unions cannot expel people or refuse membership to individuals because of their race. Discrimination on the basis of race in the workplace can be illustrated in a number of ways, some of which can be obvious or blatant. Nonetheless, racial discrimination can frequently be restrained and more difficult to notice, for example, an employer failing to promote an employee or higher an applicant because of their racial makeup. Therefore, it may be asserted that a worker who experiences unfavorable treatment because of his race is a victim of racial discrimination. Additionally, racial discrimina